CAUSES OF MDS
The exact cause of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is still unknown. Abnormal DNA
is thought to be associated with MDS.
DNA damage
may come from previous chemotherapy or radiation treatment, aging, or from long-term
exposure to environmental toxins, such as benzene (a chemical used in industrial
settings) or pesticides.10 The damage to DNA plays an important role
in the growth and development of blood cells in the bone marrow. Defective genes
may result in ineffective production of blood cells, which can cause MDS.
Radiation and Chemotherapy
Patients receiving radiation or chemotherapy treatment are at an increased risk
for developing MDS for up to 10 years following treatment.5 MDS that
develops as a result of previous radiation or chemotherapy treatment for cancer
is referred to as secondary MDS.11 Secondary MDS often develops rapidly
and advances into Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Environmental Factors
There are some environmental factors that lead to an increased risk of developing
MDS. Exposure to benzene, other chemicals, and/or pesticides increase the risk of
developing MDS. Certain occupations have higher rates of MDS, but besides chemicals,
solvents and pesticides, it is very hard to determine what triggered MDS in these
workers.
References